![]() The DNA molecule is composed of two strands that come together to create a double helix, meaning that a double helix is a shape that two strands of the macromolecule DNA take when they twist around a shared axis. When cells divide, this is crucial because each new cell needs an exact replica of the DNA found in the old cell. The blueprint for replicating the base sequence can be found in each of the double helix's DNA strands. The ability of DNA to replicate, or generate duplicates of itself, is a very important characteristic. The base pairs serve as the ladder's rungs, while the sugar and phosphate molecules are the ladder's vertical side rails in the double helix shape. ![]() The double helix is a spiral formed by two long strands of nucleotides. A nucleotide comprises a base, a sugar, and a phosphate. A sugar and a phosphate molecule are also joined to each base. DNA nucleotides link up to form units referred to as base pairs, A with T and C with G. Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) are the chemical bases making up the code that stores the information in DNA. Cellular organelles called mitochondria transform the energy from food into a form that can be utilized by cells. Most DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but there is also a small quantity of DNA in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). ![]() In other words, DNA is scientifically considered a molecule that holds the biological instructions that give each species its individuality.Īll of an individual’s cells is where DNA is found. The most common DNA definition is an organic chemical with a complex molecular structure, playing an important part in the transmission of inherited traits in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and multiple viruses. If you ever wondered what DNA stands for - this is it: deoxyribonucleic acid.Humans and nearly all other species are carrying their genetic information in their DNA.
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